Parkin &Gerrish 珠宝词汇表
在Parkin &Gerrish，我们相信jewelry 绝不仅仅是装饰--它总是有故事的。从乔治亚情怀到装饰艺术魅力，每件珠宝都有自己的语言。请使用本词汇表来解码您在我们的系列及其他产品中遇到的印记、宝石、图案和切割。
A
Agate – Banded chalcedony in every shade; loved in Victorian Scottish jewels. Moss agate’s fern-like inclusions symbolised growth and renewal.
Alabaster – Soft gypsum/calcite carved for cameos and intaglios since antiquity.
Alexandrite – Rare chrysoberyl that changes colour — green by day, red by lamplight — discovered in Russia and named for Tsar Alexander II.
Almandine Garnet – Deep purplish-red garnet popular in Georgian & Victorian jewels; in cabochon it’s called a carbuncle.
Amber – Fossilised resin, honey to cognac, sometimes holding prehistoric insects; prized since antiquity.
Amethyst – Violet quartz (February birthstone), from lilac to regal purple; beloved in Georgian and Edwardian rings.
Ametrine – Natural union of amethyst and citrine, most famously from Bolivia.
Andalusite – Collectors’ gem showing intriguing cross-shaped inclusions (chiastolite) and earthy tones.
Andradite (Demantoid) – Garnet species; demantoid’s electric green “fire” dazzled Belle Époque Russia.
Apatite – Lively teal to mint crystals; softer, so best for occasional wear.
Aquamarine – Sea-blue beryl, adored in Edwardian and Art Deco jewels; a talisman for calm seas.
Aragonite – Calcium carbonate crystal found in molluscs; part of what makes pearls and mother-of-pearl.
Aventurine – Quartz sprinkled with glittering inclusions; green types contain fuchsite mica.
Azurite / Azurmalachite – Copper minerals in azure blue, often entwined with malachite’s rich green — painterly and bold.
Art Deco (1920s–1930s) – Geometry, calibré sapphires, platinum and diamonds; cocktail-hour sparkle.
Art Nouveau (1890s–1910s) – Whiplash lines, enamel, dragonflies and nymphs — Lalique’s poetic world.
Asscher Cut – Step-cut square diamond (1902): a miniature hall of mirrors.
B
Baguette Cut – Slim rectangular step cuts; Cartier revived them in 1912.
Belle Époque (c.1890–1914) – Lace-light platinum garlands, bows and romance before the War.
Benitoite – Denim-blue Californian rarity; the state gem.
Birthstones – Months paired with gems for meaning and luck; Victorians adored sentimental birthstone rings.
Biwa Pearl – Cultured freshwater pearls of Lake Biwa, Japan; irregular, luminous, mid-century chic.
Bloodstone – Green chalcedony with red flecks; protective, heroic lore.
Book Chain – Victorian necklace of engraved rectangular links, often suspending a locket.
Boulder Opal – Opal seams in ironstone matrix; painterly flashes of colour.
C
Cabochon – Smooth, domed cut (no facets) that flatters opal, moonstone, star gems and antique splendour.
Cairngorm – Scottish smoky quartz/citrine used in Victorian Highland dress jewels.
Calibré – Small stones precisely cut to fit a design — an Art Deco signature.
Cameo – Relief carving (often shell or hardstone) depicting portraits or myths; a 19th-century favourite.
Carnelian – Warm red-orange chalcedony; perfect for signet rings and intaglios.
Carbon – The element behind both diamonds and jet — jewellery’s roots in the earth.
Chalcedony – The silky microcrystalline quartz family: agate, carnelian, chrysoprase and more.
Chlorastrolite – “Green star stone” with turtle-back pattern; niche, charming.
Chrysoberyl (incl. Cat’s-eye) – Brilliant, tough gem species; alexandrite and cat’s-eye are its celebrities.
Chrysocolla – Blue-green chalcedony with a painterly calm.
Chrysoprase – Apple-green chalcedony (nickel-coloured); adored in Georgian and Art Deco jewels.
Cinnabar – Vermilion mercury sulphide; carved beads and inlays in Japonisme pieces.
Citrine – Sunlit yellow quartz; abundant in Retro bracelets and 1930s rings.
Cluster Ring – A central gem haloed by smaller stones — romantic from Georgian to modern.
Colombian Emerald – The most coveted emerald origin: velvety, luminous green.
Conch Pearl – Rare pink, flame-textured non-nacreous pearls from the queen conch; Caribbean treasures.
Conchiolin – Organic binder in nacre (pearl and mother-of-pearl).
Copal – Young resin often mistaken for amber; acetone helps tell them apart.
Coral – Organic gem from marine colonies; oxblood to angel-skin; Georgian, Victorian and Art Deco favourite.
Corundum – Mineral family of ruby (red) and sapphire (all other colours).
Cushion Cut (Old Mine) – Softly squared antique brilliant; candle-glow romance.
D
Demantoid – Fiery green andradite garnet, often with “horsetail” inclusions; Russian chic.
Diamond – The hardest gem, symbol of eternity. Old mine & old European cuts glow with soft candlelit fire.
Diopside – Chrome-green to honey tones; a modern collector’s pleasure.
Dog Collar (Collier de Chien) – Close-fitting choker of pearls, velvet or diamonds; supremely Edwardian.
Druse – A glittering carpet of minute crystals, like frosted sugar.
E
Edwardian (1901–1910) – Platinum lace, bows, garlands; lightness and elegance.
Emerald – Green beryl coloured by chromium; celebrated since Cleopatra.
Enamel – Fused coloured glass on metal. Guilloché enamel shimmers over engine-turned patterns.
Epidote – Rarely faceted mineral; sometimes seen in Arts & Crafts pieces.
Emerald (Trapiche) – A star-like segmented pattern radiating from the core — Colombian magic.
F
Facet – Flat surface cut into a gem to orchestrate brilliance.
Feldspar – Mineral family behind moonstone, labradorite and amazonite.
Filigree – Precious-metal lace; an Edwardian and Belle Époque speciality.
Fire – Flashes of spectral colour from dispersion (diamonds, demantoids, zircons).
French Cut – Squared stones whose crown facets form a cross; elegant in Art Deco.
Fool’s Gold – Pyrite; golden sparkle without gold’s softness.
G
Garnet – A family from deep pyrope reds to lush tsavorite greens; a Victorian darling.
Georgian (1714–1837) – Handmade jewels, closed backs, foiled gems, sentimental motifs — rare and precious.
Geuda – Sri Lankan sapphire rough transformed to cornflower blues by heat.
Gota de Aceite – “Drop of oil”: silky glow in top emeralds.
Grossular (Tsavorite, Hessonite) – From minty tsavorite to whisky-warm hessonite.
Guilloché – Engine-turned metal beneath translucent enamel; Fabergé finesse.
H
Hallmark – Stamped guarantee of metal purity, date, place and often maker — tiny marks, big history.
Hardstone Cameo – Cameo carved from layered agate/onyx; crisp classical portraits.
Hematite – Steel-grey metallic lustre; chic in Victorian and modernist jewels.
Hiddenite – Vivid green spodumene; rarer sister to kunzite.
Horn / Hornbill “Ivory” – Natural materials carved into Art Nouveau combs and ornaments.
I
Idocrase (Vesuvianite) – Apple-green gemstone sometimes nicknamed “Californite”.
Intaglio – Image carved into a stone for seals; the reverse of a cameo.
Iolite – Violet-blue “water sapphire” with shimmering pleochroism.
Ivory – Historic material from tusk; now highly regulated — we avoid modern trade and celebrate antique provenance responsibly.
J
Jade – A category covering jadeite & nephrite; revered in East Asia.
Jadeite – The rarer, more valuable jade; vivid “imperial” greens to lilacs.
Jasper – Opaque chalcedony in myriad patterns; Victorian Scottish jewels abound.
Jet – Fossilised wood from Whitby; lightweight and deep black — perfect for mourning jewels.
Jugendstil – German Art Nouveau: stylised flora and sensuous line.
K
Kashmir Sapphire – The dream: velvety cornflower blue; among the rarest gemstones.
Kunzite – Pastel pink-lilac spodumene named for George Kunz; glamorous in Retro gold.
Kyanite – Midnight to cornflower blues, with characterful cleavage — best for pendants and earrings.
L
Labradorite – Feldspar with iridescent “labradorescence” — blues and greens that flash like northern lights.
Lapis Lazuli – Royal blue rock sprinkled with golden pyrite; ancient, enduring.
Lover’s Knot – Motif of intertwined love and fidelity; Georgian to Edwardian romance.
M
Malachite – Banded green copper carbonate; striking in Victorian revival jewels.
Marcasite – In jewellery this is actually faceted pyrite set into silver; sparkling, graphic, very Deco.
Meerschaum – Light, porous mineral carved into cameos and curios.
Microcline (Amazonite) – The feldspar behind amazonite’s minty blue-green.
Moldavite – Tektite born of meteor impact; rippled, olive-green, otherworldly.
Mollusc / Mother-of-Pearl – The pearly lining used for inlay and buttons; also the birthplace of pearls.
Montana Sapphire – Alluring blues from America’s “Big Sky” state; often parti-coloured.
Moonstone – Soft, ethereal glow (adularescence); a talisman of romance.
Moss Agate – Chalcedony with moss-like inclusions; Victorian sentiment.
Mourning Jewellery – Memorial pieces with jet, black enamel, seed pearls (tears), and woven hair; love remembered.
N
Navette (Marquise) – Little “boat” shape, pointed ends; elegant elongation of the finger.
Nephrite – Tough, silky member of the jade family; creamy whites to spinach greens.
Nicolo – Intaglio/cameo carved so the design appears ghostly blue on black onyx.
Niello – Blackened silver inlay in etched designs; bold contrast.
Natural (diamond) – A tiny remnant of a diamond’s original skin thoughtfully left by the cutter.
O
Obsidian – Volcanic glass in glossy blacks and smoky greys.
Oligoclase (Sunstone) – Feldspar with coppery glitter; warm, glowing cabochons.
Onyx – Banded black/white chalcedony; ideal for crisp cameos and mourning jewels.
Opal (incl. Fire Opal) – Hydrated silica with play-of-colour; Mexican fire opal glows orange-red, often without play.
Orthoclase – Feldspar variety; host of classic moonstone.
P
Padparadscha – Rare pink-orange sapphire; a sunrise captured.
Paraíba Tourmaline – Neon Caribbean-blue to green tourmaline (Brazil and beyond); electric and coveted.
Pearl – Organic gem born of molluscs; natural or cultured, lustre is everything.
Peau d’Ange – “Angel-skin” — a delicate pink prized in coral.
Peridot – Olive-to-apple-green gem from volcanic rock; adored by Edward VII.
Petrified Wood – Chalcedony replacing ancient wood — time frozen.
Plagioclase – Feldspar sub-series containing labradorite/oligoclase.
Prase / Prasiolite – Leek-green chalcedony / rare green quartz (often heat-treated).
Princess Cut – Modern square brilliant; sharp, bright drama.
Pyrite – Golden metallic crystals; sculptural in Arts & Crafts jewels.
Pyrope – The classic Victorian “Bohemian” deep-red garnet.
Q
Quahog – American clam that occasionally yields rare purple-toned pearls (non-nacreous).
Quartz – The great family: amethyst, citrine, rose quartz, rock crystal, smoky, and more.
Quatrefoil – Four-lobed motif of harmony and luck; elegant in Edwardian jewels.
R
Radiant Cut – Square/rectangular brilliant-style cut; bright edges, modern glamour.
Rhodochrosite – Raspberry-pink with creamy “bacon fat” banding; more often carved than faceted.
Rhodonite – Dusky pink with inky veins; moody and romantic.
Rock – An aggregate of minerals; when beautiful or historic enough, fashioned into jewels.
Rock Crystal – Colourless quartz; crisp, cool, endlessly versatile.
Rose Quartz – Soft pink quartz; often cut as cabochons and beads.
Ruby – Red corundum; Burmese “pigeon’s blood” sets the standard.
Rub-over (Bezel) Setting – Protective collar of metal hugging the gem’s edge; sleek and antique-smart.
S
Sapphire – Corundum in every colour except red; Kashmir, Ceylon and Montana are famed origins.
Sard – Darker, browner cousin of carnelian; Roman signets and Victorian cufflinks.
Saussurite – Greenish rock of zoisite/feldspar; occasional carving material.
Seed Pearl – Tiny pearls (<2 mm) used as delicate borders in Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian jewels.
Serpentine – Serpentine-patterned green stones; often carved.
Shell – Organic material carved into cameos and adornments since antiquity.
Shale – Fine-grained sedimentary rock, sometimes set polished in Arts & Crafts pieces.
Silhouette – Profile portrait motif (from cut paper to cameo).
Single Cut / Swiss Cut – Early/simple diamond cuts with fewer facets; twinkling accents in antique settings.
Smoky Quartz (Cairngorm) – Misty browns and greys; Highland romance.
Sodalite – Navy-blue shot with white; sometimes mistaken for lapis.
Spessartite – Mandarin-orange garnet with joyous glow.
Spinel – Durable gem in vivid reds, pinks, blues; once masqueraded as “ruby” in royal crowns.
Star Sapphire/Ruby – Corundum showing asterism — a star that dances with light.
Suffragette Jewellery – Green (hope), white (purity), violet (freedom): “Give Women Votes.”
Swallow Motif – Symbol of safe return and enduring love; a Victorian favourite.
T
Table Cut – One of the earliest diamond cuts: flat top, simple dignity.
Tahitian Pearl – Cultured pearls from black-lip oysters; peacock lustres.
Tanzanite (Zoisite) – Blue-violet beauty discovered in 1967; instantly iconic.
Tiger’s Eye – Chatoyant quartz in golden browns; silky bands that ripple with light.
Topaz – From delicate sherry to imperial pink-orange; blue topaz is commonly treated.
Tortoiseshell – Historic material (hawksbill/loggerhead); now protected — antique only.
Tourmaline – The chameleon gem: verdelites, rubellites and bi-colours abound.
Trapiche (Emerald/Ruby) – Wheel-like growth pattern with dark spokes; mesmerising.
Tremblant – Jewels mounted on springs that quiver with movement — flowers and butterflies come alive.
Turquoise – Sky-to-robin’s-egg blue copper mineral; Victorian sentiment and Southwestern soul.
U
Unakite – Green epidote with salmon-pink feldspar; often tumbled and polished in mid-century jewels.
V
Victorian (1837–1901) – Early (romantic), Mid (grand), Late (mourning): snakes for eternal love, hearts, lockets, jet.
Vintage – Generally 20–100 years old; think 1970s bold gold chains and 1980s sculptural earrings.
Vauxhall Glass – Mirrored glass used to imitate gems in Georgian jewels — lively, graphic sparkle.
W
White Gold – Gold alloy lightened with palladium/nickel; often rhodium-plated for brightness.
Witch’s Heart – Heart with a flirtatious curl — “bewitched in love”.
X
X Motif – Seen literally in Victorian jewellery. The central “X” design symbolises a kiss and, therefore, love — a jewel that wears its sentiment proudly.
Y
Yellow Gold – Classic, warm gold alloyed with silver and copper; timeless with coloured stones.
Z
Zinc – Useful in historical alloys like pinchbeck.
Zircon – Natural gemstone with dazzling fire; blues are often heat-treated.
Zoisite – Mineral family including tanzanite; also occurs in strawberry-pink thulite.
Gemstone Cuts & Shapes (Antique Lovers’ Edition)
Old Mine Cut (Cushion) – Squarish outline, high crown, small table, open culet; the quintessential Georgian/Victorian candle-glow.
Old European Cut – Rounder, more symmetrical cousin to the old mine; late-19th to early-20th-century sparkle.
Rose Cut – Flat base, domed top of triangular facets; moonlight rather than fireworks.
French Cut – Square/rectangular stones whose crown facets form a cross; chic in Deco bands.
Asscher Cut (1902) – Step-cut square with clipped corners; a mesmerising hall of mirrors.
Emerald Cut – Rectangular step cut; glassy, elegant, emphasises clarity.
Baguette – Slim rectangular step stones for strong Deco lines.
Briolette – Teardrop fully faceted; perfect for trembling drops and day-to-night earrings.
Table Cut – Early flat-topped style; medieval to Renaissance simplicity.
Princess Cut – Modern square brilliant; crisp edges, dramatic scintillation.
Radiant Cut – Square/rectangular brilliant hybrid; bright corners, glamorous presence.
Single / Swiss Cut – Early/simple accent cuts (fewer facets) that twinkle in antique pavé.
Calibré – Tiny gems cut to fit exactly — the secret of sharp Art Deco geometry.
Cameo / Intaglio – Raised (cameo) or incised (intaglio) carving in shell or hardstone for portraits, gods, and heraldry.
Navette (Marquise), Pear, Oval, Heart – Elegant outlines used across eras, each flattering in its own way.
Culet, Crown & Pavilion – The anatomy of a faceted gem: crown above the girdle, pavilion below; a tiny culet facet may be visible in antique stones.
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